Steam-generator



(No Mo'deL) 4Sheets-VSheet l.

f G. P. BROTT.

STEAM GENERATOR.

` Patented Feb. '12, 1884.

N. Prlins. wawunwmplr. wnmingum mc.

4 Sheets-Shefef 2. G. F.BROTT. STEAM GENERATOR..

Patented Feb. 12, 1884.

/NVEN E;

A Harney (No Model.)

(No Model.) l 4 sneets-sher 3. G. I?. BROTT.l

l STEAM GENEEATOE.

` N0.'293, 222. Patented l'ebfr 12, 1884.

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.)-

G. F. BROTT. `STEAM GENERATOR.

No. 293,222. Patented Feb. 12, 1884.

l UNITED STQ/rrES4 PATENT OFFICE., t

eEOEeE E. BEOTT, OE 'wirsrrineronnisrmcr OE COLUMBIA.

s'rI-:Aivl-elaN ERATO R.

SPECIFICATION formingA part of `LettersPatent No. 293,222, dated February 12, 178854.

` Application filed June l5, 1883. (No model.) l

To @ZZ ruiz/m it may concern:

Beit known that I, GEORGE F. Bnor'r, of

Washington city, and District of Columbia, 'haveinvented certain new and useful Improveto the letters of reference marked thereon,

` which form part of this specification.

This invention relates to steamgenerators,

. and to what is known as'the sectional7 class.A

It has for its object simplicity of construction, safety from explosion, cheapness in first cost, readily repaired or cleaned, and to generate steam rapidly, and especially the separation of steam from the water, whereby priming is prevented.

v 4lleretofore it has been found very difficult to prevent priming, or to separate the steam from the water in boilers wherein steam is rapidly generated, andwhen an active circulation of the water in the boiler is maintained,

and by such rapid generation and circulation the water is kept in a constant state of agitation, the. water passes over with the steam,

which is very objectionable and dangerous.

It is also well known that boilers have been vconstructed with some of their tubes adapted to be partially lled with water and steam, and that they are provided with escape-tubes, communicating with the different series through j the same conduits, having divisions. This construction is also objectionable, as the water i `and steam pass out from `the generating-tubes at the same end, and thus fail to separate. In

- mine I provide separate conduits for the steam from the steam-space of the tube, so that there is no danger of a mixture of steam and water passing off together, and thus'priming is enll.. separated, and dried before leaving the boiler for use, and in other details of construction i which will be more fully hereinafter described,

and pointed out. in the claims.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, Figure l represents a vertical cross-sec! tion, taken on the line .fr x, Fig. 4. l Fig. 2 is an outside end elevation, showing the arrangement of the flue connections. Fig. 3 is'- an end view of the return-bends, and Fig. 3 a view of the ends of two of the ilues connected by an adjustable connection. Fig. 3" is a sectional view of the tube and of an end cap connection, which is provided with a packing-piece, and which caps may be connected by independent tubes. Fig. 4 represents a longitudinal sectional elevation of the boiler furnace and casing; and Fig.,5 rods provided with perforated disks which fit into the flues, said rods being suitably and snugly fitted within the tubes lengthwise, the object of which will be more fully hereinafter described. They may, however, be omitted, as the boilerwill act equally well without them. Fig. 6 represents a detached sectional view of one of the series of sections of which the boiler is made up, and by which the products of combustion are made to pass backward to the rear of the boiler, and are thus prevented from directly -impinging upon the steam drums,

and by which the said steam-drums are prou tected from the fierce heat of the flames. In this section I llocate fire-brick tiles, east-iron, or other refractory material between the upper` portion of the drums and resting uponv them; and while each section may be provided with these tiles, whereby the heat of the fire is made to go over and under each section, taking a circuitous course, yet I prefer to use them only on the section .immediately below the steam-drums. Fig. 7 shows a Inodified form Of the arrangement of the generating and steam tubes, as compared with Fig. 2. In

this figure (7) a section of four generatingtubes is shown forming three spaces, and over such spaces I locate my fire-tile, which, with the generating drums or cylinders, forms a diaphragm or what maybe termed a horizontal partition.

A is the fire-box, of any suitable construction; and B the casing, which envelops, the boiler, except at its ends.

and fittings.

with them, if desired.

C C are the ends of the boiler, which are preferably made in the form of a cap, and adapted to snugly fit over the ends of all the tubes, so that when access to the tube-connections is desired the cap can be readily removed. This cap also prevents the radiation of heat from the end of the boiler.

D represents a series of tubes or iiues,which may be increased or diminished in number, length, and size as necessity may require, according to the quantity of steam desired.Y The ends of these tubes preferably project outside the ends of Vthe casing, and are connected together by return-bends E,which bends also form caps, as clearly shown at Figs. 3 and 3". These caps are of peculiar construction They are cast in pairs, and screwthreaded on their inner periphery, Aand provided near their upper surface with a connecting-tube, a, which tube forms the means of communication between them, and is cast Vhen the caps are in position, and properly screwed upon the end of the flue, which is correspondingly screwthreaded on its exterior to receive it, the communicating connection is near the top, so that acertain quantity of water must necessarily always remain in the tubes, except. those intended for steam-space. Should it be desired, these caps E may be cast:singly,and connected by suitable connections,well known to the art; or such as shown. at Fig. 3, which is made in sections and provided with a union7 and right-and-left-hand screw-threaded lock-nut.

It is obvious that the flue will be hotter than the cap, and thus expand more, so that the joints formed by the flue and the cap will always .be tight and leakage thus prevented. The Youtside of the cap is angular,for the reception of a wrench wherewith the cap may screw on and off but when the double cap is used the iue is then turned and screwed into the c'ap. The caps are provided with screw-plugs b for the purpose of having access to the iiues or tubes, and which are generally known as hand holes.`

The rods F are provided with disks, (shown at Fig. 5,) and are inserted in the generatingtubes D. These disks are perforated, and are for the purpose of preventing the water from rushing to one end of the iiues,when the boiler is raised at opposite end, and when used for portable purposes, or on steamboats or launches.

It is well known that when one end of the boiler is raised higher than the other the water Awill instantly rush to the lowest end, thus exposing the empty end of the flue to the action of the flame. at suitable distances in the generating-fine, or in as many of them as have the exit-pipe at; tached to each section-three being the number required in this boiler-so that if the boiler is tilted the disks will retard the action of the water, and maintain it sufficiently in position until the boiler is again righted. i The perforations afford free escape for the steam and for To prevent this I-slocate disksv the water to circulate to all parts of the steamgenerating flues. The rod F holds the disks in position andserves to locate and withdraw them when necessary. The horizontal series of flues communicate with their next Seriesby suitable connections, so that the water and steam may readily escape from one series to another.

Gr is a baffle-plate' located in a suitable posi-` ends can expand or contract without injury.

The operation of my boiler is as follows: Tater being fed through feed-pipe d, it lls flue B to a certain level. It then passes out of the opposite end of said fiue to the next flue o'f the same section or series, which is also filled to the same level, and so on to the next of the series. The water then passes downward to the section below, and from one 'iiue to the other, in like manner as the first series or section, and so on until all the sections are iilled to the bottom. each maintaining its own level. The water then-passes through every flue from its entrance to the last one of the lower section, each flue having its supply, which cannot be drained off on account of the exit being at or near the top of each fine. Thus it will be readily seen that each independent generating-liue has its water-space and its steam-space. By this arrangement it will be readily seen that thc tubes are never left `without water in them, which can be shown by water-gage on the upper and lower series. The steam generated in these tubes passes down with the water to the lowest section of tubes to the exit or steam tube, which I will now describe.

Vhen the water and steam pass tothe last of the lowest section the steam then separates and passes up pipe H to the steam separating and superheating chambers I, of which there are a series or section precisely identical with the generating-fines in every respect, only that no water enters these steam-chambers except what may pass over with the steam. However, should any water pass up into the steam-chambers it would be trapped in the first chamber; or should any escape with the steam from the iirst chamber, it will be trapped in the second, so that when the steam reaches the next or last there is no possibility of any water being with it, so that it must be perfectly dry.

The water of condensation that may accumulate in the steam-chamber while the engine is at rest will readily generate into steam when the fire is started for operation. Thus I have a boiler made up of sections, each section having a series of iues, and each iiue having an independent water-and-steam space,

IOO

IIO

i theboiler having also an independent section of steam-fines without water, by which the steam is thoroughly separated from the water and is also superheated, whereby the engine is supplied with purely dried steam.

It is evident' that the steanrspace of each flue could be connected with the section of steam-chambers, if desired; but I prefer the piwan shown. (Stand-pipe or steanrdrum may be attached where more steam-space is required.) Itcan be put together or taken apart by any engineer or gas-fitter, can be used with i adapted to constantlynremain partially filled perfect safety from explosion, as by no possi- 4bility can superheated water flash into steam.

Having thus described my invention, whatI claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination, ina steam-generator, of two or more series ofsteam-generating tubes or flues, each of said tubes or ues being with water by connecting the exit-tubes near the upper surface thereof and communicating with each other, the ends of said tubes being connected in pairs by'double-headers provided with plugs b Z), substantiallyas described. 2. The combination, in a steam-generator,

of two or more series or sections of tubes ar-v ranged above each other, the ends of each pair of tubes united by a cap, which cap is screwthreaded, and has a circulating-tube nea-r its upper surface cast therewith, and provided with plugs b b, as set forth. y

8. A steam -generat-or composed of a series or sections of generating tubes or ues, each of said tubes Vbeing adapted to be constantly supplied with water, in combination with communicating tubes arranged in such manner that the water entering the upper1 section of generating-tubes must traverse the entire' number of tubes, and having a separate series of stealn-and-water-circulating tubes running in opposite directions, in the manner set forth and described.

4. `The combination, in a steam-generator, of two or more series or sections of tubes or lues with a steam-separating series, each of said series having communicating tubes `connected to the upper portion of said tubes, and

a steam-conveying pipe connecting the lower series to the upper, substantially as described.

5. The combination of a boiler 'composed of sections, consisting of the lower `series of tubes, which areV partially filled with water, and having a steam-space, and being connect ed with the upper series of steam-drums, which are adapted to steam alone,.and with the intermediate horizontal partition arranged be'-` low said drums and running partially back to the rear of the boiler, and arranged in such manner as to `protect thel steam-tube drums from direct contact with the name, and also form an outlet for the waste gases, smoke, Sto., substantially as described. y

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

A GEORGE F. BROTT.

Vitnesses B. F. Monsun, O. E. DUFFY. 

